Key demographics
- Population
- 5.0M
- Density
- 29.7/km²
- HDI
- 0.503 (Low)
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 68.9 yrs
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 3.68
- Urban population (2025)
- 34.5%
- Literacy rate (2008)
- 64.7%
- Labor force (2025)
- 80.9%
Population structure
- Dependency ratio
- 72%
- Profile
- Very Young
- Urban population (2025)
- 34.5%
- Birth rate (2024)
- 28.7 /1000
- Death rate (2024)
- 6.0 /1000
- Largest city (2025)
- 92.5%
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 3.68
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 24.7 /1000
- Slum population (2022)
- 48.7%
- Tourism (2016)
- 142.0K
Languages and culture
| Language | Native name |
|---|---|
| Arabic | العربية |
| English | English |
| Tigrinya | ትግርኛ |
| Ethnicity | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Tigrinya | 50.0% |
| Tigre | 30.0% |
| Saho | 4.0% |
| Afar | 4.0% |
| Kunama | 4.0% |
| Bilen | 3.0% |
| Beja | 2.0% |
| Nara | 2.0% |
| Rashaida | 1.0% |
- Demonym (male)
- Eritrean
- Demonym (female)
- Eritrean
- National anthem
- Ertra, Ertra, Ertra
Healthcare
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 68.9 yrs
- HALE (2021)
- 55.4 yrs
- Health spending (2023)
- 3.7% of GDP
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 24.7/1000
- UHC index (2023)
- 40/100
- Hospital beds (2023)
- 1.0/1000
- Physicians (2022)
- 0.09/1000
- Nurses (2022)
- 1.54/1000
- Health spending per capita (2023)
- $28
- Out-of-pocket (2023)
- 48.5%
Education and technology
- Literacy rate (2008)
- 64.7%
- Education spending (2006)
- 2.1% of GDP
- Internet users (2020)
- 14.4%
- Mobile subscriptions (2022)
- 59.1/100
- Broadband (2022)
- 0.2/100
- Secure servers (2024)
- 2/1M
Broadband connectivity
- Broadband per 100 (2022)
- 0.2
Geography and practical
- Area
- 117,600 km²
- Continent
- Africa
- Region
- Africa
- Subregion
- Eastern Africa
- Landlocked
- No
- Driving side
- Right
- Timezones
- UTC+03:00
- Calling codes
- +291
- TLD
- .er
- Maps
- Google Maps · OpenStreetMap
Borders
National symbols
- Flag
- The flag of Eritrea comprises three triangles — a large red isosceles triangle with its base spanning the hoist end and its apex at the midpoint on the fly end, and a green and blue right-angled triangle above and beneath the red triangle. On the hoist side of the red triangle is a golden vertical olive branch encircled by a golden olive wreath.
- National anthem
- Ertra, Ertra, Ertra
- National holiday
- Independence Day