🇪🇷 Eritrea Demographics - Population, Culture & Society

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🇪🇷 Eritrea ER / ERI #99

Nomad Score 40.0

Cities 4

Region African Union, Horn of Africa, Sahel, Africa, Africa, Eastern Africa, Least Developed Countries

Currency ERN

📊 KEY DEMOGRAPHICS

Population 5.0M

Density 29.7/km²

HDI 0.503 (Low)

Life Expectancy (2023) 68.6 yrs

Fertility Rate (2023) 3.71

Urban Population (2024) 34.5%

Literacy Rate (2008) 64.7%

Labor Force (2025) 80.9%

Sources: REST Countries v4, World Bank, OWID

🗣 LANGUAGES & CULTURE

Languages

Language	Native Name
Arabic	العربية
English	English
Tigrinya	ትግርኛ

Ethnicities

Ethnicity	Percentage
Tigrinya	50.0%
Tigre	30.0%
Saho	4.0%
Afar	4.0%
Kunama	4.0%
Bilen	3.0%
Beja	2.0%
Nara	2.0%
Rashaida	1.0%

Demonym (male) Eritrean

Demonym (female) Eritrean

National Anthem Ertra, Ertra, Ertra

📈 POPULATION STRUCTURE

Age Group	Distribution	Share
0-14 Youth		38.1%
15-64 Working		57.7%
65+ Elderly		4.2%

Dependency Ratio 73.4%

Profile Very Young

Urban Pop. (2024) 34.5%

Birth Rate (2023) 28.5 /1000

Death Rate (2023) 6.1 /1000

Largest City (2025) 92.5%

Fertility Rate (2023) 3.71

Infant Mortality (2023) 25.5 /1000

Slum Pop. (2022) 48.7%

Tourism (2016) 142.0K

Source: World Bank

🏥 HEALTHCARE

Life Expectancy (2023) 68.6 yrs

HALE (2021) 55.4 yrs

Health Spending (2023) 3.7% of GDP

Infant Mortality (2023) 25.5/1000

UHC Index (2021) 45/100

Hospital Beds (2023) 1.0/1000

Physicians (2022) 0.09/1000

Nurses (2022) 1.54/1000

Health Spending/cap (2023) $28

Out-of-Pocket (2023) 48.5%

Source: World Bank, WHO

🎓 EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY

Literacy Rate (2008) 64.7%

Education Spending (2006) 2.1% of GDP

Internet Users (2023) 20.0%

Mobile Subscriptions (2022) 59.1/100

Broadband (2022) 0.2/100

Secure Servers (2024) 2/1M

Source: World Bank, OWID

🌐 BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY

Broadband per 100 (2022) 0.2

Source: ITU / World Bank via OWID. Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people.

🌍 GEOGRAPHY & PRACTICAL

Area 117,600 km²

Capital Asmara 📍

Continent Africa

Region Africa

Subregion Eastern Africa

Landlocked No

Driving Side Right

Timezones UTC+03:00

Calling Codes +291

TLD .er

Maps Google Maps | OpenStreetMap

Borders 🇩🇯 Djibouti, 🇪🇹 Ethiopia, 🇸🇩 Sudan

🏅 NATIONAL SYMBOLS

Flag The flag of Eritrea comprises three triangles — a large red isosceles triangle with its base spanning the hoist end and its apex at the midpoint on the fly end, and a green and blue right-angled triangle above and beneath the red triangle. On the hoist side of the red triangle is a golden vertical olive branch encircled by a golden olive wreath.

National Anthem Ertra, Ertra, Ertra

National Holiday Independence Day

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