🇸🇴 Somalia Demographics - Population, Culture & Society

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🇸🇴 Somalia SO / SOM #43

Nomad Score 35.0

Cities 7

Region African Union, Arab League, Arab World, Horn of Africa, Africa, Africa, Eastern Africa, Least Developed Countries

Currency SOS

📊 KEY DEMOGRAPHICS

Population 19.3M

Density 17.3/km²

HDI 0.404 (Low)

Gini Index (2017) 36.8

Life Expectancy (2023) 58.8 yrs

Fertility Rate (2023) 6.13

Urban Population (2024) 54.6%

Literacy Rate (2022) 54.1%

Labor Force (2025) 34.8%

Sources: REST Countries v4, World Bank, OWID

🗣 LANGUAGES & CULTURE

Languages

Language	Native Name
Arabic	العربية
Somali	Soomaaliga

Ethnicities

Ethnicity	Percentage
Somali	85.0%
Others	15.0%

Demonym (male) Somali

Demonym (female) Somali

National Anthem Qolobaa Calankeed

📈 POPULATION STRUCTURE

Age Group	Distribution	Share
0-14 Youth		46.6%
15-64 Working		50.8%
65+ Elderly		2.6%

Dependency Ratio 96.8%

Profile Very Young

Urban Pop. (2024) 54.6%

Birth Rate (2023) 43.0 /1000

Death Rate (2023) 9.8 /1000

Largest City (2025) 26.3%

Fertility Rate (2023) 6.13

Infant Mortality (2023) 67.8 /1000

Slum Pop. (2022) 48.7%

Source: World Bank

🏥 HEALTHCARE

Life Expectancy (2023) 58.8 yrs

HALE (2021) 47.4 yrs

Health Spending (2023) 3.7% of GDP

Infant Mortality (2023) 67.8/1000

UHC Index (2021) 27/100

Hospital Beds (2019) 0.9/1000

Physicians (2014) 0.05/1000

Nurses (2014) 0.26/1000

Health Spending/cap (2023) $22

Out-of-Pocket (2023) 30.8%

Source: World Bank, WHO

🎓 EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY

Literacy Rate (2022) 54.1%

Education Spending (2023) 0.0% of GDP

Internet Users (2022) 27.6%

Mobile Subscriptions (2023) 54.0/100

Broadband (2023) 0.7/100

Secure Servers (2024) 14/1M

Source: World Bank, OWID

🌐 BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY

Broadband per 100 (2023) 0.7

Source: ITU / World Bank via OWID. Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people.

🌍 GEOGRAPHY & PRACTICAL

Area 637,657 km²

Capital Mogadishu 📍

Continent Africa

Region Africa

Subregion Eastern Africa

Landlocked No

Driving Side Right

Timezones UTC+03:00

Calling Codes +252

Postal Code @@ #####

TLD .so

Maps Google Maps | OpenStreetMap

Borders 🇩🇯 Djibouti, 🇪🇹 Ethiopia, 🇰🇪 Kenya

🏅 NATIONAL SYMBOLS

Flag The flag of Somalia features a large five-pointed white star centered on a light blue field.