Key demographics
- Population
- 19.3M
- Density
- 17.3/km²
- HDI
- 0.404 (Low)
- Gini index (2017)
- 36.8
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 59.0 yrs
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 6.01
- Urban population (2025)
- 55.1%
- Literacy rate (2022)
- 54.1%
- Labor force (2025)
- 34.8%
Population structure
- Dependency ratio
- 96.7%
- Profile
- Very Young
- Urban population (2025)
- 55.1%
- Birth rate (2024)
- 42.4 /1000
- Death rate (2024)
- 9.7 /1000
- Largest city (2025)
- 26.3%
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 6.01
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 65.4 /1000
- Slum population (2022)
- 48.7%
Languages and culture
| Language | Native name |
|---|---|
| Arabic | العربية |
| Somali | Soomaaliga |
| Ethnicity | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Somali | 85.0% |
| Others | 15.0% |
- Demonym (male)
- Somali
- Demonym (female)
- Somali
- National anthem
- Qolobaa Calankeed
Healthcare
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 59.0 yrs
- HALE (2021)
- 47.4 yrs
- Health spending (2023)
- 3.7% of GDP
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 65.4/1000
- UHC index (2023)
- 30/100
- Hospital beds (2019)
- 0.9/1000
- Physicians (2014)
- 0.05/1000
- Nurses (2014)
- 0.26/1000
- Health spending per capita (2023)
- $22
- Out-of-pocket (2023)
- 30.8%
Education and technology
- Literacy rate (2022)
- 54.1%
- Education spending (2023)
- 0.0% of GDP
- Internet users (2024)
- 27.9%
- Mobile subscriptions (2023)
- 54.0/100
- Broadband (2023)
- 0.7/100
- Secure servers (2024)
- 14/1M
Broadband connectivity
- Broadband per 100 (2023)
- 0.7
Geography and practical
- Area
- 637,657 km²
- Continent
- Africa
- Region
- Africa
- Subregion
- Eastern Africa
- Landlocked
- No
- Driving side
- Right
- Timezones
- UTC+03:00
- Calling codes
- +252
- Postal code
- @@ #####
- TLD
- .so
- Maps
- Google Maps · OpenStreetMap
Borders
National symbols
- Flag
- The flag of Somalia features a large five-pointed white star centered on a light blue field.
- National anthem
- Qolobaa Calankeed
- National holiday
- Republic Day