Key demographics
- Population
- 86.1M
- Density
- 109.0/km²
- HDI
- 0.853 (Very High)
- Gini index (2019)
- 41.9
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 77.4 yrs
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 1.48
- Urban population (2025)
- 89.5%
- Literacy rate (2021)
- 97.3%
- Labor force (2025)
- 60.8%
- Gender wage gap (2024)
- 5.9%
Population structure
- Dependency ratio
- 46.2%
- Profile
- Mature
- Urban population (2025)
- 89.5%
- Birth rate (2024)
- 11.0 /1000
- Death rate (2024)
- 5.7 /1000
- Largest city (2025)
- 21.1%
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 1.48
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 8.0 /1000
- Slum population (2022)
- 14.1%
- Tourism (2020)
- 16.0M
Languages and culture
| Language | Native name |
|---|---|
| Turkish | Türkçe |
- Demonym (male)
- Turkish
- Demonym (female)
- Turkish
- National anthem
- İstiklâl Marşı
Healthcare
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 77.4 yrs
- HALE (2021)
- 65.2 yrs
- Health spending (2023)
- 4.3% of GDP
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 8.0/1000
- UHC index (2023)
- 77/100
- Hospital beds (2023)
- 3.1/1000
- Physicians (2022)
- 2.24/1000
- Nurses (2022)
- 3.48/1000
- Health spending per capita (2023)
- $548
- Out-of-pocket (2023)
- 19.1%
Education and technology
- Literacy rate (2021)
- 97.3%
- Education spending (2022)
- 3.1% of GDP
- Learning outcomes (2020)
- 478
- Internet users (2025)
- 89.8%
- Mobile subscriptions (2024)
- 107.8/100
- Broadband (2024)
- 23.4/100
- Secure servers (2024)
- 11,103/1M
Broadband connectivity
- Broadband per 100 (2024)
- 23.4
Geography and practical
- Area
- 783,562 km²
- Continent
- Europe
- Region
- Asia
- Subregion
- Western Asia
- Landlocked
- No
- Driving side
- Right
- Timezones
- UTC+03:00
- Calling codes
- +90
- Postal code
- #####
- TLD
- .tr
- Maps
- Google Maps · OpenStreetMap
National symbols
- Flag
- The flag of Turkey has a red field bearing a large fly-side facing white crescent and a smaller five-pointed white star placed just outside the crescent opening. The white crescent and star are offset slightly towards the hoist side of center.
- National anthem
- İstiklâl Marşı
- National holiday
- Democracy and National Unity Day