🇪🇪 Estonia Demographics - Population, Culture & Society

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🇪🇪 Estonia EE / EST #129

Nomad Score 66.0

Cities 6

Region European Union, Baltic States, Digital Nomad Hubs, Tech Startup Ecosystems, Remote Work Friendly Countries, Coworking Hotspots, Nomad Visa Countries, Europe, Europe, Northern Europe

Currency EUR

📊 KEY DEMOGRAPHICS

Population 1.4M

Density 30.3/km²

HDI 0.905 (Very High)

GDP per capita $23,757

Gini Index (2018) 30.3

Life Expectancy (2023) 78.5 yrs

Fertility Rate (2023) 1.31

Urban Population (2024) 70.7%

Literacy Rate (2011) 99.9%

Labor Force (2025) 81.1%

Sources: REST Countries v4, World Bank, OWID

🗣 LANGUAGES & CULTURE

Languages

Language	Native Name
Estonian	eesti

Religions

Religion	Percentage
Irreligion	58.4%
Christianity	26.7%
Undeclared	12.7%
Other	2.1%

Ethnicities

Ethnicity	Percentage
Estonians	68.5%
Russians	20.9%
Ukrainians	5.4%
Others	4.6%
Undeclared	0.6%

Demonym (male) Estonian

Demonym (female) Estonian

National Anthem Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm

📈 POPULATION STRUCTURE

Age Group	Distribution	Share
0-14 Youth		15.6%
15-64 Working		63.1%
65+ Elderly		21.3%

Dependency Ratio 58.6%

Profile Aging

Urban Pop. (2024) 70.7%

Birth Rate (2023) 8.0 /1000

Death Rate (2023) 11.7 /1000

Largest City (2025) 47.8%

Fertility Rate (2023) 1.31

Infant Mortality (2023) 1.6 /1000

Slum Pop. (2022) 0.4%

Tourism (2020) 1.7M

Source: World Bank

🏥 HEALTHCARE

Life Expectancy (2023) 78.5 yrs

HALE (2021) 66.7 yrs

Health Spending (2024) 7.8% of GDP

Infant Mortality (2023) 1.6/1000

UHC Index (2021) 79/100

Hospital Beds (2023) 4.1/1000

Physicians (2022) 3.47/1000

Nurses (2023) 6.66/1000

Health Spending/cap (2024) $2,438

Out-of-Pocket (2024) 21.4%

Source: World Bank, WHO

🎓 EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY

Literacy Rate (2011) 99.9%

Education Spending (2022) 5.2% of GDP

Learning Outcomes (2020) 543

Internet Users (2024) 92.2%

Mobile Subscriptions (2023) 150.2/100

Broadband (2023) 35.3/100

Secure Servers (2024) 139,022/1M

Source: World Bank, OWID

🌐 BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY

Broadband per 100 (2023) 35.3

Source: ITU / World Bank via OWID. Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people.

🌍 GEOGRAPHY & PRACTICAL

Area 45,227 km²

Capital Tallinn 📍

Continent Europe

Region Europe

Subregion Northern Europe

Landlocked No

Driving Side Right

Timezones UTC+02:00

Calling Codes +372

Postal Code #####

TLD .ee

Maps Google Maps | OpenStreetMap

Borders 🇱🇻 Latvia, 🇷🇺 Russia

🏅 NATIONAL SYMBOLS

Flag The flag of Estonia is composed of three equal horizontal bands of blue, black and white.