Key demographics
- Population
- 1.4M
- Density
- 30.3/km²
- HDI
- 0.905 (Very High)
- GDP per capita
- $23,757
- Gini index (2018)
- 30.3
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 79.3 yrs
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 1.18
- Urban population (2025)
- 70.7%
- Literacy rate (2011)
- 99.9%
- Labor force (2025)
- 81.1%
Population structure
- Dependency ratio
- 58.9%
- Profile
- Aging
- Urban population (2025)
- 70.7%
- Birth rate (2024)
- 7.1 /1000
- Death rate (2024)
- 11.5 /1000
- Largest city (2025)
- 47.4%
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 1.18
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 1.5 /1000
- Slum population (2022)
- 0.4%
- Tourism (2020)
- 1.7M
Languages and culture
| Language | Native name |
|---|---|
| Estonian | eesti |
| Religion | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Irreligion | 58.4% |
| Christianity | 26.7% |
| Undeclared | 12.7% |
| Other | 2.1% |
| Ethnicity | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Estonians | 68.5% |
| Russians | 20.9% |
| Ukrainians | 5.4% |
| Others | 4.6% |
| Undeclared | 0.6% |
- Demonym (male)
- Estonian
- Demonym (female)
- Estonian
- National anthem
- Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm
Healthcare
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 79.3 yrs
- HALE (2021)
- 66.7 yrs
- Health spending (2024)
- 7.8% of GDP
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 1.5/1000
- UHC index (2023)
- 79/100
- Hospital beds (2023)
- 4.1/1000
- Physicians (2022)
- 3.47/1000
- Nurses (2023)
- 6.66/1000
- Health spending per capita (2024)
- $2,438
- Out-of-pocket (2024)
- 21.4%
Education and technology
- Literacy rate (2011)
- 99.9%
- Education spending (2022)
- 5.2% of GDP
- Learning outcomes (2020)
- 543
- Internet users (2024)
- 92.2%
- Mobile subscriptions (2024)
- 151.1/100
- Broadband (2024)
- 35.4/100
- Secure servers (2024)
- 139,022/1M
Broadband connectivity
- Broadband per 100 (2024)
- 35.4
Geography and practical
- Area
- 45,227 km²
- Continent
- Europe
- Region
- Europe
- Subregion
- Northern Europe
- Landlocked
- No
- Driving side
- Right
- Timezones
- UTC+02:00
- Calling codes
- +372
- Postal code
- #####
- TLD
- .ee
- Maps
- Google Maps · OpenStreetMap
National symbols
- Flag
- The flag of Estonia is composed of three equal horizontal bands of blue, black and white.
- National anthem
- Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm