Key demographics
- Population
- 19.0M
- Density
- 79.9/km²
- HDI
- 0.845 (Very High)
- Gini index (2018)
- 35.8
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 76.5 yrs
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 1.39
- Urban population (2025)
- 52.2%
- Literacy rate (2021)
- 99.2%
- Labor force (2025)
- 66.9%
- Gender wage gap (2021)
- 1.3%
Population structure
- Dependency ratio
- 55.5%
- Profile
- Aging
- Urban population (2025)
- 52.2%
- Birth rate (2024)
- 7.5 /1000
- Death rate (2024)
- 12.8 /1000
- Largest city (2025)
- 17.7%
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 1.39
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 6.0 /1000
- Slum population (2022)
- 2.5%
- Tourism (2020)
- 5.0M
Languages and culture
| Language | Native name |
|---|---|
| Romanian | Română |
| Religion | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Christianity | 84.7% |
| No religion | 0.8% |
| Other | 0.4% |
| Unanswered | 13.9% |
| Ethnicity | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Romanians | 89.3% |
| Hungarians | 6.0% |
| Roma | 3.4% |
| Others | 1.2% |
- Demonym (male)
- Romanian
- Demonym (female)
- Romanian
- National anthem
- Deșteaptă-te, române!
Healthcare
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 76.5 yrs
- HALE (2021)
- 63.9 yrs
- Health spending (2023)
- 5.7% of GDP
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 6.0/1000
- UHC index (2023)
- 77/100
- Hospital beds (2022)
- 7.2/1000
- Physicians (2022)
- 3.63/1000
- Nurses (2022)
- 8.25/1000
- Health spending per capita (2023)
- $1,051
- Out-of-pocket (2023)
- 23.0%
Education and technology
- Literacy rate (2021)
- 99.2%
- Education spending (2022)
- 3.3% of GDP
- Learning outcomes (2020)
- 442
- Internet users (2024)
- 91.3%
- Mobile subscriptions (2024)
- 119.8/100
- Broadband (2024)
- 35.8/100
- Secure servers (2024)
- 27,230/1M
Broadband connectivity
- Broadband per 100 (2024)
- 35.8
Geography and practical
- Area
- 238,391 km²
- Continent
- Europe
- Region
- Europe
- Subregion
- Southeast Europe
- Landlocked
- No
- Driving side
- Right
- Timezones
- UTC+02:00
- Calling codes
- +40
- Postal code
- ######
- TLD
- .ro
- Maps
- Google Maps · OpenStreetMap
National symbols
- Flag
- The flag of Romania is composed of three equal vertical bands of navy blue, yellow and red.
- National anthem
- Deșteaptă-te, române!