Key demographics
- Population
- 6.1M
- Density
- 12.5/km²
- HDI
- 0.764 (High)
- Gini index (1998)
- 40.8
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 70.2 yrs
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 2.66
- Urban population (2025)
- 47.1%
- Literacy rate (2022)
- 99.9%
- Labor force (2025)
- 44.8%
Population structure
- Dependency ratio
- 56.3%
- Profile
- Young
- Urban population (2025)
- 47.1%
- Birth rate (2024)
- 20.9 /1000
- Death rate (2024)
- 5.8 /1000
- Largest city (2025)
- 26.2%
- Fertility rate (2024)
- 2.66
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 30.4 /1000
- Slum population (2022)
- 8.4%
Languages and culture
| Language | Native name |
|---|---|
| Russian | Русский |
| Turkmen | Türkmen |
| Religion | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Islam | 95.8% |
| No religion | 3.0% |
| Christianity | 1.1% |
| Other | 0.1% |
| Ethnicity | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Turkmens | 86.7% |
| Uzbeks | 9.1% |
| Russians | 1.6% |
| Baloch | 1.2% |
| Others | 1.3% |
- Demonym (male)
- Turkmen
- Demonym (female)
- Turkmen
- National anthem
- National anthem of Turkmenistan
Healthcare
- Life expectancy (2024)
- 70.2 yrs
- HALE (2021)
- 60.8 yrs
- Health spending (2023)
- 5.5% of GDP
- Infant mortality (2024)
- 30.4/1000
- UHC index (2023)
- 81/100
- Hospital beds (2021)
- 3.6/1000
- Physicians (2023)
- 1.93/1000
- Nurses (2023)
- 3.49/1000
- Health spending per capita (2023)
- $581
- Out-of-pocket (2023)
- 77.4%
Education and technology
- Literacy rate (2022)
- 99.9%
- Education spending (2024)
- 4.3% of GDP
- Internet users (2016)
- 18.0%
- Mobile subscriptions (2021)
- 88.2/100
- Broadband (2022)
- 5.2/100
- Secure servers (2024)
- 188/1M
Broadband connectivity
- Broadband per 100 (2022)
- 5.2
Geography and practical
- Area
- 488,100 km²
- Continent
- Asia
- Region
- Asia
- Subregion
- Central Asia
- Landlocked
- Yes
- Driving side
- Right
- Timezones
- UTC+05:00
- Calling codes
- +993
- Postal code
- ######
- TLD
- .tm
- Maps
- Google Maps · OpenStreetMap
National symbols
- Flag
- The flag of Turkmenistan has a green field. It features a red vertical band, bearing five carpet guls stacked above two crossed olive branches, near the hoist end of the field. Just to the fly side of the vertical band near the top edge of the field is a hoist-side facing white crescent and five small five-pointed white stars placed just outside the crescent opening.
- National anthem
- National anthem of Turkmenistan