Citizenship Programs — Paths to a Second Passport Worldwide

All pathways to acquiring citizenship in another country — from investment-based programs (golden passports) to citizenship by descent, naturalization, and fast-track programs. Compare requirements, timelines, and passport strength. See also residency programs and digital nomad visas.

All programs (36)

Citizenship programs
Program	Type	Timeline	Min cost	Dual OK	Visa-free	Status
FR France Citizenship by Marriage France	Marriage	4 years	$275	Yes	185	Active
DE German Citizenship Restoration (Nazi Persecution Descendants)Germany	Restoration	180-730 days	$0	Yes	185	Active
DE German Citizenship by Descent Germany	Descent	180-730 days	$25	Yes	185	Active
DE Germany Citizenship by Marriage Germany	Marriage	3 years	$275	Yes	185	Active
PL Polish Citizenship by Descent (Confirmation)Poland	Descent	180-730 days	$72	Yes	183	Active
IT Italian Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)Italy	Descent	365-1095 days	$648	Yes	185	Active
IT Italy Citizenship by Marriage Italy	Marriage	2 years	$270	Yes	185	Active
RO Romanian Citizenship by Descent Romania	Descent	180-730 days	$54	Yes	178	Active
GR Greek Citizenship for Ethnic Greeks (Omogeneia)Greece	Ethnic return	365-1095 days	$108	Yes	185	Active
GR Greek Citizenship by Descent Greece	Descent	180-1095 days	$108	Yes	185	Active
BG Bulgarian Citizenship by Origin (Descent)Bulgaria	Descent	180-365 days	$55	Yes	178	Active
HU Hungarian Simplified Naturalization (Ethnic Hungarians)Hungary	Ethnic return	60-365 days	$0	Yes	184	Active
PT Portuguese Citizenship by Descent Portugal	Descent	365-730 days	$189	Yes	184	Active
PT Portuguese Citizenship for Sephardic Descendants Portugal	Ethnic return	3 years	$270	Yes	184	Active
AT Austria Citizenship by Exceptional Merit Austria	Merit	730-1095 days	$500	Yes	185	Active
LT Lithuanian Citizenship Restoration (Pre-1940 Descendants)Lithuania	Restoration	180-365 days	$130	Yes	181	Active
LV Latvian Citizenship by Descent (Exile Descendants)Latvia	Descent	90-180 days	$31	Yes	182	Active
HR Croatian Citizenship by Descent (Emigrant)Croatia	Descent	365-1095 days	$150	Yes	183	Active
SV El Salvador CBI — Freedom Visa El Salvador	Investment	30-60 days	$1,000,000	Yes	135	Active
DM Dominica CBI — Real Estate Dominica	Investment	90-180 days	$200,000	Yes	145	Active
DM Dominica CBI — Economic Diversification Fund Dominica	Investment	90-180 days	$200,000	Yes	145	Active
LC Saint Lucia CBI — Real Estate Saint Lucia	Investment	90-180 days	$300,000	Yes	146	Active
LC Saint Lucia CBI — Enterprise Investment Saint Lucia	Investment	90-180 days	$250,000	Yes	146	Active
LC Saint Lucia CBI — National Economic Fund Saint Lucia	Investment	90-180 days	$240,000	Yes	146	Active
LC Saint Lucia CBI — Government Bonds Saint Lucia	Investment	90-180 days	$300,000	Yes	146	Active
AG Antigua & Barbuda CBI — Business Investment Antigua and Barbuda	Investment	90-180 days	$1,500,000	Yes	154	Active
AG Antigua & Barbuda CBI — Real Estate Antigua and Barbuda	Investment	90-180 days	$300,000	Yes	154	Active
AG Antigua & Barbuda CBI — University of the West Indies Fund Antigua and Barbuda	Investment	90-180 days	$260,000	Yes	154	Active
AG Antigua & Barbuda CBI — National Development Fund Antigua and Barbuda	Investment	90-180 days	$230,000	Yes	154	Active
GD Grenada CBI — Real Estate Grenada	Investment	120-240 days	$270,000	Yes	147	Active
GD Grenada CBI — National Transformation Fund Grenada	Investment	120-240 days	$235,000	Yes	147	Active
MT Malta Citizenship by Merit Malta	Merit	8 months	—	Yes	183	Active
MT Malta Citizenship by Merit Malta	Investment	1 years	$690,000	Yes	190	Active
KN St Kitts & Nevis CBI — SISC Donation Saint Kitts and Nevis	Investment	120-180 days	$250,000	Yes	155	Active
KN St Kitts & Nevis CBI — Public Benefit Option Saint Kitts and Nevis	Investment	120-180 days	$250,000	Yes	155	Active
KN St Kitts & Nevis CBI — Real Estate Saint Kitts and Nevis	Investment	120-180 days	$325,000	Yes	155	Active