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Citizenship programs

22 programs in 16 countries · timeline, minimum cost, dual citizenship and passport strength

Compare

All pathways to acquiring citizenship in another country — from investment-based programs (golden passports) to citizenship by descent, naturalization, and fast-track programs. Compare requirements, timelines, and passport strength. See also residency programs and digital nomad visas.

All programs (22)

Citizenship programs
Program Type Timeline Min cost Dual OK Visa-free Status
FR France Citizenship by MarriageFrance Marriage 4 years $275 Yes 185 Active
ES Spain Citizenship by MarriageSpain Marriage 1 years $110 No 186 Active
DE German Citizenship Restoration (Nazi Persecution Descendants)Germany Restoration 180-730 days $0 Yes 185 Active
DE German Citizenship by DescentGermany Descent 180-730 days $25 Yes 185 Active
DE Germany Citizenship by MarriageGermany Marriage 3 years $275 Yes 185 Active
PL Polish Citizenship by Descent (Confirmation)Poland Descent 180-730 days $72 Yes 183 Active
IT Italian Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)Italy Descent 365-1095 days $648 Yes 185 Active
IT Italy Citizenship by MarriageItaly Marriage 2 years $270 Yes 185 Active
RO Romanian Citizenship by DescentRomania Descent 180-730 days $54 Yes 178 Active
GR Greek Citizenship for Ethnic Greeks (Omogeneia)Greece Ethnic return 365-1095 days $108 Yes 185 Active
GR Greek Citizenship by DescentGreece Descent 180-1095 days $108 Yes 185 Active
BG Bulgarian Citizenship by Origin (Descent)Bulgaria Descent 180-365 days $55 Yes 178 Active
HU Hungarian Simplified Naturalization (Ethnic Hungarians)Hungary Ethnic return 60-365 days $0 Yes 184 Active
PT Portuguese Citizenship by DescentPortugal Descent 365-730 days $189 Yes 184 Active
PT Portuguese Citizenship for Sephardic DescendantsPortugal Ethnic return 3 years $270 Yes 184 Active
AT Austria Citizenship by Exceptional MeritAustria Merit 730-1095 days $500 Yes 185 Active
IE Irish Citizenship by Foreign Birth RegistrationIreland Descent 240-365 days $300 Yes 185 Active
LT Lithuanian Citizenship Restoration (Pre-1940 Descendants)Lithuania Restoration 180-365 days $130 Yes 181 Active
LV Latvian Citizenship by Descent (Exile Descendants)Latvia Descent 90-180 days $31 Yes 182 Active
HR Croatian Citizenship by Descent (Emigrant)Croatia Descent 365-1095 days $150 Yes 183 Active
MT Malta Citizenship by MeritMalta Merit 8 months — Yes 183 Active
MT Malta Citizenship by MeritMalta Investment 1 years $690,000 Yes 190 Active
Data is community-verified. Last checked dates vary per program.